sad

adjective 3 senses

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness; ; - Christina Rossetti

Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

Panels 3, 4 and 5 are computed per model. Switch to see them disagree.

1 Your word measured

“feeling sad because his dog had died”

adjective 3 senses 5 synonyms 1 antonyms

Definitions come from WordNet, a hand-curated dictionary.

2 To an AI, it's pieces measured
DeepSeek V3 sad 1 token
Mistral 7B sad 1 token
Qwen3 8B sad 1 token

This is the tokenizer splitting text, not the model understanding it.

3 Synonyms, antonyms, and the AI measured
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

Dictionary synonyms measured

sorry0.12 deplorable distressing lamentable pitiful

Dictionary antonyms measured

glad is the dictionary opposite of sad, yet this model puts it closer than every one of the 1 synonym it can score. Opposites share the sentences a word lives in, so cosine alone cannot tell them apart - which is why the dictionary seeds this list rather than the geometry.

Shade shows how close the model puts each word to sad. 1 of 5 dictionary synonyms are in this build; the rest have no vector to compare yet.

Dictionary synonyms measured

sorry0.25 deplorable distressing lamentable pitiful

Dictionary antonyms measured

Shade shows how close the model puts each word to sad, 1 of 8 also appear in the dictionary. 1 of 5 dictionary synonyms are in this build; the rest have no vector to compare yet.

Dictionary synonyms measured

sorry0.17 deplorable distressing lamentable pitiful

Dictionary antonyms measured

glad is the dictionary opposite of sad, yet this model puts it closer than every one of the 1 synonym it can score. Opposites share the sentences a word lives in, so cosine alone cannot tell them apart - which is why the dictionary seeds this list rather than the geometry.

Shade shows how close the model puts each word to sad. 1 of 5 dictionary synonyms are in this build; the rest have no vector to compare yet.

Model neighbours are distributional, not dictionary synonyms. Two words can be close because they appear in similar sentences, which is why an antonym can outscore a synonym here.

4 Its personality measured
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B
rare common
concrete abstract
casual formal
everyday technical
negative positive
mild intense
powerless powerful
small big
rare common
concrete abstract
casual formal
everyday technical
negative positive
mild intense
powerless powerful
small big
rare common
concrete abstract
casual formal
everyday technical
negative positive
mild intense
powerless powerful
small big

Scores are projections onto axes we defined from anchor words, not labels the model assigns.

5 Surprising neighbours measured
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

These sit just outside the closest neighbours in panel 3, and no dictionary lists any of them as related to sad. That gap is the model’s own learned association.

These sit just outside the closest neighbours in panel 3, and no dictionary lists any of them as related to sad. That gap is the model’s own learned association.

These sit just outside the closest neighbours in panel 3, and no dictionary lists any of them as related to sad. That gap is the model’s own learned association.

These are statistical associations in the training data, not the model thinking.